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THINGS TO LOOK FOR WHEN PURCHASING A NEW HEATING SYSTEM
The first thing you need to know before you begin the search
for a new heating system is whether you are currently using the best
fuel source available. For example,
if you currently use a heat pump, you may look to switch to natural
gas if it has become available in your area. There
are pros and cons to every fuel, and a switch could add hundreds
of dollars to the cost of a new heating system, but be well worth
it in the long run.
It usually pays to check with your heating contractor, who
can help you get a feel for what you will save in your energy costs
over the next five to ten years with the fuel source you choose. By doing this, your contractor can show you what
your long-term savings will be versus your short-term investment. You may also be eligible for rebates and/or low
interest financing programs.
One size does not fit all.
No matter which type of heating system you decide upon, you
must install a system that is properly sized for your house. This is something that the homeowner cannot do
on his or her own. Your heating contractor
should perform an approved heat loss on your home to determine how
much heat is required to heat your home on the coldest day of the
year, and no more. Installing too large of
a system will only waste energy and break down more often, shortening
the life of the system.
If your contractor simply looks at your old system and quotes
you a price on a system of the same size, be skeptical. This is a common practice and is irresponsible. Your old heating system is probably between 15
and 40 years old. Now, take a moment and think
of all the changes your home has undergone in that time…new doors,
new windows, added insulation in the attic, perhaps even an addition
to the home. All of these factor into the
proper sizing of your heating system.
Even if your home has gone through no major changes since
the installation of the existing heating system, who’s to say that
it was properly sized to begin with? It
simply cannot be stressed enough: a heating system must fit the home
exactly. A system that is too big or too small
will lead to future problems, higher fuel bills and the premature
failure of the system.
AFUE and efficiency. Today’s
heating systems come in two basic efficiencies: the 80% efficient
models and the 90% efficient models. Efficiencies
are measured by their Annual Fuel Utilization of Energy or AFUE. What does this mean? It
is very similar to the way Miles Per Gallon or MPG, is used to determine
how efficient a car’s engine is. The
higher the rating, the more efficient the heating system.
High efficiency or low efficiency?
The minimum efficient heating system you can purchase to day
is 78% and the maximum is about 97%. You
may be saying to yourself, “It seems silly not to purchase the most
efficient heating system available, since it will save me the most
money on my heating bills.” This may
be true, but there are many other factors involved when you are considering
a very high-efficiency system. These include
whether you will vent the system using a direct vent or the chimney.
The 90% efficient systems require what is called
direct venting. This method bypasses
your chimney and goes directly through the wall of the house. There are very strict codes set by both the manufacturers
and most states as to how direct venting may be done. If these specifications are not rigidly followed,
the results could lead to carbon monoxide poisoning.
The 80% efficient systems are vented using your existing chimney,
and thus are much more economical to install.
In some instances, it is mandatory to line your existing chimney
with an aluminum or steel liner to ensure that no condensation of
the waste gasses occurs within the chimney, causing masonry problems
down the road.
If your existing furnace or boiler is over 17 years old,
upgrading to an 80% efficient system will probably come close to cutting
your existing fuel bill by a third. The best advice for selecting a new heating system is to compare the total investment in an 80% efficient system versus that of a 90% efficient system, factor out any incentives, rebates, ect., and break it all down to an apples-to-apples comparison. Then have the contractor show you what your energy savings will be. At this point, your choice should be obvious.
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